600+ Types of Flowers A To Z (With Names and Pictures)
Types Of Flowers By Names (A-Z) Types Of Flowers By Color Types Of Flowers By Season Types Of Flowers By Blooming Time 600+ Types of Flowers No. Flower Name No.…
The chrysanthemum, also known as autumn chrysanthemum, pottery chrysanthemum, etc., is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family and the Chrysanthemum genus. It is one of the four major cut flowers in the world (chrysanthemum, rose, carnation, and iris).
There are many varieties of chrysanthemums, with diverse flower colors including red, yellow, pink, dark red, and so on. The chrysanthemum has a beautiful plant shape, dignified flower tassels, and prolific blooming. Its character is refreshing and proud, attracting a large number of flower lovers every autumn chrysanthemum viewing season.
Chrysanthemum: In botanical taxonomy, it is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family and the Chrysanthemum genus. According to cultivation forms, it is divided into several cultivation types such as multiple-head chrysanthemums, single-stem chrysanthemums, large daisy chrysanthemums, cliff chrysanthemums, art chrysanthemums, desktop chrysanthemums, etc.
Depending on the appearance of the petals, it is divided into round embrace, backward embrace, backward embrace, chaotic embrace, exposed heart embrace, and flying noon embrace, etc. Various types of chrysanthemums are named with a variety of variety names.
Chrysanthemum is a valuable ornamental flower that has been bred through long-term artificial selection. Around the 8th century AD, chrysanthemums for viewing were introduced from China to Japan. At the end of the 17th century, Dutch merchants brought Chinese chrysanthemums to Europe, they were introduced to France in the 18th century, and introduced to North America in the mid-19th century.
The most common types of chrysanthemums are white chrysanthemum, ink chrysanthemum, purple chrysanthemum, summer chrysanthemum, autumn chrysanthemum, cold chrysanthemum, swan dance, multicolored chrysanthemum, sunlight chrysanthemum, Yao Tai Yu Feng. Regardless of color, shape, and growth habits, these varieties all have high ornamental value and different functional values.
There are many different varieties of chrysanthemums, and the most common one is the white chrysanthemum. It is similar to most varieties in shape, but its flowers are white and have unique ornamental value. Usually, it can be dried and brewed as tea, and it has good medicinal effects.
The ink chrysanthemum is also one of the chrysanthemum varieties. Its flowers are tubular, and the flowers are black with red. It has a high ornamental value. Many people like to cultivate ink chrysanthemums at home. Ink chrysanthemums are generally potted as ornamental plants.
Purple chrysanthemum is also a common variety in life. Its shape is very similar to the ink chrysanthemum, but the flowers are purple. It likes to grow in a warm and dry environment.
We can also call summer chrysanthemums golden chrysanthemums or yellow chrysanthemums. They come in many colors and have their unique ornamental value. Under normal maintenance, summer chrysanthemums bloom from about May to September, and they are widely loved as ornamental plants.
Autumn chrysanthemums are similar to summer chrysanthemums, but most of the autumn chrysanthemum flowers are yellow. We can also call autumn chrysanthemums yellow flowers or imperial women’s flowers. Their flowering period is generally from October to November, and their flowers have certain medicinal value.
The cold chrysanthemum, also known as the winter chrysanthemum, is the most cold-resistant variety among chrysanthemums. Generally, the cold chrysanthemum blooms in the cold winter of December, and its flowers will wither in January of the following year, symbolizing the spirit of perseverance.
There is also a variety of chrysanthemum called Swan Dance. Its flowers are quite different from other chrysanthemums. Generally, the petals of Swan Dance chrysanthemums are like dancing swans. Coupled with its bright colors, it has high ornamental value.
The multicolored chrysanthemum has rich colors. Its flowers are usually a mix of two colors. Generally, the multicolored chrysanthemum represents the meaning of elegant happiness. Many people like multicolored chrysanthemums very much. They can usually pot and maintain them, or give them to people around them.
The Sunlight Chrysanthemum is the most drought-resistant variety among chrysanthemums and needs the most sunlight. When taking care of the Sunlight Chrysanthemum, it needs to be placed in a place with sufficient light for maintenance, which can promote its growth to have more ornamental value, otherwise, its flowers will wither quickly.
Yao Tai Yu Feng is also a common chrysanthemum. Its flowers are spoon-lily-shaped, and the flowers that bloom are mostly white, with a unique beauty. It is suitable to give Yao Tai Yu Feng to elders and old people, symbolizing the meaning of blessing longevity.
Chrysanthemums are perennial herbs. The stems are upright, branched or unbranched, and covered with soft hair. The leaves are alternate, with short stalks, the leaf blades are ovate to lanceolate, pinnately shallowly lobed or semi-lobed, the base is wedge-shaped, the underside is covered with white short soft hair, the edges have coarse serrations or deep lobes, the base is wedge-shaped and stalked.
The capitulum is solitary or a few clustered at the top of the stem and branches; because of the variety, the differences are significant. The involucral bracts are multi-layered, the outer layer is green, linear, the edge is membranous, and the outside is covered with soft hair; the ray flowers are white, red, purple or yellow.
The flower colors include red, purple, pink, dark red, etc. There are many cultivated varieties, and the capitulum has many variations. The shape varies with the variety. There are many types such as single-petaled, flat-petaled, spoon-petaled, etc., and the middle is tubular flowers, often all specialized into various types of ray flowers; the chrysanthemum blooming period is from September to November.
Fertile sandy soil is preferred. Start with a small pot before moving to a larger one, changing the pot 2-3 times. By July, the pot can be finalized. For the final pot, a mixture of 6 parts leaf compost, 3 parts sandy soil, and 1 part cake fertilizer can be used. After watering thoroughly, place it in a cool place. Once the plant is growing normally, move it to a sunlit spot.
In spring, chrysanthemum seedlings are small and should be watered sparingly. In summer, the seedlings grow larger, the weather is hot, and evaporation is high, so watering should be adequate. Water can be applied once in the early morning and supplemented in the evening. A spray bottle should be used to spray water on the chrysanthemum branches and leaves and the surrounding ground to increase environmental humidity.
Before the start of autumn, water and fertilizer should be controlled appropriately to prevent the plant from growing excessively tall. After the start of autumn and before blooming, increase the amount of watering and start fertilizing, gradually increasing the concentration of the fertilizer. In winter, the branches basically stop growing, the water consumption of the plant significantly reduces, evaporation is small, and watering must be strictly controlled.
Watering should be done slowly with a spray bottle, not with a strong rush of water. In addition to determining the amount and frequency of watering based on the season, it should also vary with weather changes. Water less or not at all on rainy days; water more when the temperature is high and evaporation is large, and less otherwise.
Generally, when watering the flowers, water when the potting soil becomes dry, do not water when it is not dry, and water thoroughly when watering. However, do not let the flower pot be waterlogged, otherwise it will cause root rot, leaf withering and yellowing, leading to plant death.
When the chrysanthemum plant is planted, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied in the pot. Afterward, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied every 10 days. After the start of autumn, from the time when the chrysanthemum has buds until the buds are visible, slightly concentrated fertilizer can be applied once a week; when the buds are about to bloom, one more application of concentrated fertilizer is done, and then fertilizing is temporarily stopped.
If calcium superphosphate or a 0.1% solution of dipotassium phosphate can be applied to the chrysanthemum at this time, the flowers can bloom more brightly.
When the chrysanthemum plant grows to more than 10 cm high, start pinching. When pinching, only leave 4-5 leaves at the base of the plant, and remove all upper leaves. When 5-6 new leaves have grown, remove the heart again, allowing the plant to retain 4-7 main branches, and promptly remove any new branches and buds that grow.
Pinching can cause the plant to branch, effectively controlling plant height and shape. The last time pinching is done, the chrysanthemum plant should be pruned to shape, removing excessive, too vigorous, and too weak branches, retaining 3-5 branches. In September, when buds are visible, remove the buds at the lower end of the plant, leaving only one bud at the top of each branch.
Firstly, we need to collect the seeds, usually done between October and December. The collected seeds are stored for sowing in the following spring, usually done indoors. Before sowing, choose the right soil, which should be loose and needs to be sterilized beforehand.
After sowing the seeds in the soil, cover them with a thin layer of soil. You can also choose not to cover them, but then a layer of plastic wrap is required to maintain humidity. Make sure to punch a few small holes in the plastic wrap.
Place the seeds in an environment with a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees Celsius, and they should sprout in about half a month. When the seedlings have grown 2 to 3 leaves, remove the plastic wrap and gradually expose them to light. But do not place them under direct sunlight. When the seedlings have grown 5 to 6 leaves, they can be transplanted into pots.
The timing of this propagation depends on when the chrysanthemum blooms. After it has bloomed, cut from the bottom and then put it with the pot in an environment of about 5 degrees Celsius. After about one to two months, it will grow new buds. Then you can move it to a warm indoor space, and at this time, you need to water it more. After the new buds grow, you can prune away the weaker branches, leaving the stronger ones.
This propagation method can be done during repotting. Generally, after blooming in autumn and winter, turn over or change the pot when the potting soil is relatively dry. After we remove the plant from the pot, cut off the old roots and residual roots first, then naturally split it into small plants. Each small plant should have some roots and basal buds, and then they can be planted separately in the nursery bed.
In autumn, we can collect the seeds of white or yellow artemisia, or directly dig up wild artemisia seedlings in the spring and plant them in the nursery bed.
At this time, we need to increase the amount of water and fertilizer to make them more robust. When the seedlings grow to about 10 to 16 centimeters between May and June, the rootstock can be cut off about 6 to 7 centimeters from the ground. Then they should be pruned, and 14 days later, grafting can be carried out by the cleft grafting method.
During grafting, first remove the leaves at the junction, avoid the middle, let it grow about 2 to 3 centimeters, and then quickly insert the chrysanthemum bud. Finally, secure them and keep them moist with a plastic bag until they survive.
Prevention and treatment: After the flowers are harvested, cut off all above-ground plants and burn them; in the early stages of disease, remove the diseased leaves and alternately spray with a solution of 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture and 50% Topsin M (Thiophanate-methyl) at 1000 times dilution.
Prevention and treatment: Choose disease-free old roots for seeding; practice crop rotation; create high ridges and deep trenches to reduce humidity; uproot diseased plants, and sprinkle lime powder in the diseased holes or water them with a 1000 times dilution of 50% Carbendazim.
Chrysanthemums are planted all year round, providing ample nutrition and habitats for pests and mites. Therefore, chrysanthemums cannot escape the harm of pests or mites whether they are cultivated in net rooms or in open-air cultivation. Important pests on chrysanthemums include aphids, thrips, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera eridania, Spodoptera litura, and Tetranychus urticae, etc.
Secondary pests include root cutworms, Pseudoplusia includens, Agromyza idaeiana, mealybugs, poisonous moths, Diaspididae, and fine mites, etc., the types of pests are quite numerous. For domestic chrysanthemums, as long as it does not affect the quality of the flowers, a small amount of pest occurrence can be tolerated.
Most chrysanthemum cultivation belongs to open-field cultivation and is rotated with paddy fields. The common upland weeds in water and dry rotation fields will occur in chrysanthemum fields. The competitive damage of weeds is related to the cultivation method of chrysanthemums, weed species, density, competition period, and environmental factors.
Weed competition for water, nutrients, and light can directly cause poor growth and quality decline of chrysanthemums, and is not conducive to field management operations.
The weeds that occur in the field and around the field can become hosts or habitats for pests and diseases, causing indirect losses. The annual weeds in upland fields, the weed species that occur in the high-temperature season include Setaria viridis, Eleusine indica, Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus retroflexus and wild amaranth; in the low-temperature autumn and winter seasons, the main weeds are Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Soliva sessilis, and Polygonum aviculare.
In addition to the direct competition with chrysanthemums for water, nutrients, and light, weeds are also unfavorable for field management operations in chrysanthemum fields or can easily breed other pests and diseases. Therefore, appropriate prevention and control must be carried out during chrysanthemum cultivation.
Ornamental
Admiring chrysanthemums has been a long-standing tradition in China, with various chrysanthemum-themed activities like festivals, exhibitions, and shows held annually in the fall.
Chrysanthemums exhibit robust growth and strong budding ability. A single chrysanthemum, through multiple prunings, can produce thousands of buds. Some species, with their flexible and plentiful branches, lend themselves perfectly to creating diverse formations like chrysanthemum towers, bridges, hedges, pavilions, doors, and balls – all exquisite arrangements. Cultivated into large stand-alone pieces, cliff-hanging displays, or bonsai arrangements, these chrysanthemums present a splendid spectacle in many forms, contributing countless artistic pieces to the yearly exhibitions.
Edible
Chrysanthemums serve medicinal purposes and are believed to prolong life when regularly consumed as tea. They can be turned into delicious delicacies. Dishes like chrysanthemum fish balls, fried chrysanthemum leaves, chrysanthemum fish slice porridge, chrysanthemum soup, chrysanthemum wine, chrysanthemum tea, and others not only offer an appealing aroma and taste but are also rich in nutrients.
Healthcare
Chrysanthemum paste, Chrysanthemum pillow
Chrysanthemum dish: The “Chrysanthemum meat slices” prepared by stir-frying chrysanthemums with pork, snake meat, or cooking with fish, chicken offer a balance of meat and vegetables, replenishing without being greasy, refreshing and palatable. This dish can be used to treat symptoms like dizziness and vertigo caused by wind-heat disturbances.
Chrysanthemum knee pad: Chrysanthemum and aged wormwood leaves are crushed, put into a cloth bag, and made into a knee pad. It can dispel wind and dampness, reduce swelling and relieve pain, and treat conditions like crane’s knee wind arthritis.
Chrysanthemum fragrance: Its aroma has the ability to disperse wind and calm the liver, and inhaling it can aid in the treatment of colds and headaches.
The chrysanthemum is the city flower of many cities in China and the national flower of the Japanese royal family.
Symbolic Meaning of Chrysanthemums
Different colors of chrysanthemums symbolize different meanings:
Peggie was once a high school mathematics teacher, but she set aside her chalkboard and textbooks to follow her lifelong passion for flowers. After years of dedication and learning, she not only established a thriving flower shop but also founded this blog, “Flowers Library”. If you have any questions or wish to learn more about flowers, feel free to contact Peggie.
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