600+ Types of Flowers A To Z (With Names and Pictures)
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The Buddleja officinalis, also known as Mimosan, Little Brocade Flower, or Yellow Rice Flower, is a shrub from the Loganiaceae and Buddleja family. The leaves of the Mimosan are oppositely arranged, papery, narrow elliptical, ovate-lanceolate, or long ovate in shape.
They are dark green on top, light green beneath, typically completely smooth-edged, with few having serrated edges. The Mimosan flowers in the spring each year, with its blooming season occurring in March and April.
The flowers are abundant and densely packed, mostly at the top in an umbel-like arrangement, changing color from violet to white, pale yellow, or orange-yellow.
Although the Mimosan plant is poisonous, its toxicity is low and generally does not pose a threat to humans. It holds high value for its aesthetic appeal, medicinal use, and as a dye.
The Mimosan (Scientific name: Buddleja officinalis Maxim.) is a shrub from the Loganiaceae and Buddleja family. It grows to 1-4 meters in height, with slightly quadrangular twigs that are grayish-brown in color.
The papery leaves are oppositely arranged, with leaf stalks measuring 2-20 millimeters in length. The abundant flowers are densely packed, with a bell-shaped calyx and a violet corolla that later turns white or pale yellow, with an orange-yellow throat. It blooms from March to April and bears fruit from May to August.
The Mimosan is native to China, Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other regions. It grows on sunny slopes, riverbanks, and shrubs near villages or at the edge of forests, at altitudes of 200-2800 meters.
It has strong adaptability and can grow on limestone mountains. The entire Mimosan plant can be used for medicinal purposes. Its flowers (including the inflorescence) have cooling and dehumidifying effects and can improve vision and reduce cloudiness.
Its root can reduce heat and inflammation. Veterinarians use its branches and leaves to treat dysentery in cattle and horses. The flowers can be used to extract aromatic oil and as a yellow food dye.
The bark of the stem is fibrous and sturdy and can be used as a raw material for papermaking. The flowers are fragrant and beautiful, making them a good ornamental plant for gardens in the south.
The Mimosan prefers a warm, moist environment. It grows well at a temperature of 25°C. It can tolerate a bit of cold, but not waterlogging, and does not have strict soil requirements. It can be cultivated in general soil.
It is found in Bhutan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and other regions.
It grows on sunny slopes, riverbanks, and shrubs near villages or at the edge of forests, at altitudes of 200-2800 meters. It has strong adaptability and can grow on limestone mountains.
This is a shrub that grows between 1 and 4 meters tall. Its twigs are slightly quadrangular and grayish-brown in color. The twigs, underside of the leaves, leaf stems, and inflorescences are all densely covered with grayish-white stellate short velvet hair.
Leaves are opposite, papery, narrowly elliptical, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, measuring 4-19 cm in length and 2-8 cm in width.
The tip of the leaves gradually narrows to a sharp or blunt point, and the base is wedge-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped, sometimes extending to the base of the leaf stem. The leaves are usually entire, rarely with sparse serrations.
The upper surface of the leaf is dark green with stellate hairs, and the underside is light green. The petiole is 2-20 mm long; the stipules are reduced to a transverse line between the two leaf stems.
The flowers are numerous and densely clustered, forming a terminal umbellate conical inflorescence. The inflorescence is 5-15 (-30) cm long and 2-10 cm wide. The flower stalks are extremely short.
The sepals are bell-shaped and 2.5-4.5 mm long, covered with stellate short velvet hair and some glandular hairs. The corolla is pansy-colored, turning white or pale yellow-white, with an orange-yellow throat, 1-1.3 cm long and 2-3 mm in diameter when fully opened.
The corolla tube is cylindrical, 8-11 mm long and 1.5-2.2 mm in diameter, yellow on the inside and sparsely pilose. The anthers are oblong, yellow, and eared at the base.
The ovary is ovoid-globular, 1.5-2.2 mm long and 1.2-1.8 mm wide, covered with stellate short velvet hair from the middle to the base of the style. The style is 1-1.5 mm long, and the stigma is rod-shaped, 1-1.5 mm long.
The fruit is a capsule, elliptical, 4-8 mm long, and 2-3 mm wide, with a 2-segmented split. The outer pericarp is stellate hairy, and the base has a persistent perianth.
The seeds are numerous, narrowly elliptical, 1-1.2 mm long, and 0.3-0.5 mm wide, winged at both ends. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is from May to August.
The Dense Fog Flower is not picky about soil and can be planted in ordinary garden soil. To enhance its growth, you can add leaf mold or peat soil and a small amount of river sand to increase the fertility and drainage of the soil. Placing some tiles or stones at the bottom of the pot can further improve the effect.
The Dense Fog Flower thrives in a moist environment. The soil should be kept moist at all times, but avoid waterlogging to prevent flood damage. Generally, in spring and autumn, water once every 3 to 5 days, and in summer, water once every 1 to 2 days.
If the temperature is too high, water twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. In winter, water once every 1 to 2 weeks.
Adequate sunlight benefits the growth of most plants, and the Dense Fog Flower is no exception. Many people don’t know how to care for a Dense Fog Flower. In fact, as long as you provide some shade during the hot summer months and place it in a sunny location at all other times, it can receive plenty of sunlight.
The Dense Fog Flower prefers a warmer growing environment. If the temperature can be controlled between 18 and 26 degrees Celsius, it will be very beneficial for the growth of the Dense Fog Flower.
The summer temperature should not exceed 33 degrees Celsius, otherwise, its growth will slow down. In winter, ensure the temperature is above 12 degrees Celsius for it to continue growing, and it should not fall below 5 degrees Celsius, otherwise, the plant is likely to suffer from frost damage.
The Dense Fog Flower does not require excessive fertilization. Generally, base fertilizer should be added before planting and at the beginning of each spring.
Then, apply fertilizer once before the Dense Fog Flower blooms, and top dress once when the fruit sets. The fertilizer can be cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer, or mature organic fertilizer.
In spring and fall, seeds collected during the year are sown on a prepared seedbed and leveled, with the seeds being buried 2 to 3 centimeters deep.
Alternatively, furrow sowing can be used with a row spacing of 30 centimeters, furrow depth of 3 centimeters, planting width of 10 centimeters, and a seeding rate of 1 kilogram per acre.
Seeds should be mixed with wood ash during sowing, then evenly spread in the furrow and covered with another layer of wood ash. The soil should be kept moist either by shading or covering with grass.
If there is a drought, water should be sprayed to saturate the soil. When the seedlings reach a height of about 10 centimeters, remove the shade and thin the seedlings, generally leaving a distance of 15 centimeters between each plant.
When the seedlings reach a height of 100 centimeters, they can be transplanted to the field with a plant spacing of 1 meter and a row spacing of 2 meters. Dig a hole 30 centimeters deep for each plant, cover the soil tightly, water, and apply sufficient base fertilizer.
Due to the strong budding ability of the roots, the growth of most plants is clump-like. When transplanting, one plant can be divided into 2 to 3 plants. The planting distance should be 1 meter, and the row spacing should be 2 meters.
Generally, there are no diseases when cultivating this flower, but there are occasional threats from pests like the borer and red spider mite. The borer mainly affects tender branches and can be prevented by spraying phoxim or chlorpyrifos during the egg-laying period of the pest.
The red spider mite mainly affects the leaves and can be controlled with imidacloprid.
The entire plant can be used for medicinal purposes, especially the densely clustered flowers and gray-yellow, short velvety, soft buds. The flowers (including the flower clusters) have the effects of clearing heat and humidity, and improving vision.
The roots can clear heat and reduce inflammation. The flowers can be used to extract aromatic oils and also used as yellow food coloring.
The bark fibers are tough and can be used as raw materials for paper making. The flowers are fragrant and beautiful, making it a good ornamental plant for gardens in the south.
The flower has a slightly cold nature and sweet taste. It is associated with the liver meridian and has the effects of clearing heat, nourishing the liver, and improving vision. It is commonly used in ophthalmology for redness, swelling, excessive tearing, and blurred vision.
The flower contains various chemical components such as flavonoids, volatile oils, yellow pigments, triterpenes, and cycloether glycosides, which have anti-inflammatory, immune-regulating, blood sugar-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-endothelial cell proliferation effects.
Clinically, it is used for dry eye syndrome, cataracts, corneal softening, and photophobia with good results. It can also be used in dietary therapy for eye diseases.
The flower is widely distributed, easy to cultivate, has a large number of flowers, high pigment content, is easy to extract, and has a low cost. This makes it very advantageous for the development and utilization of its yellow pigment.
It is a promising dye plant. Using the water immersion method, the yellow pigment can be extracted from the flowers, which is very stable and doesn’t change much in the pH range of 3-7. It also has good light and heat stability. The pigment has a bright and pleasing color with strong coloring power.
The flower language of this plant represents the arrival of happiness and faithful love. The small petals symbolize ordinary sweet happiness, making it suitable to give to a loved one, implying that “I will bring you happiness and let you live a happy and sweet life.” It also symbolizes a steadfast and faithful love, expressing one’s firm love for their partner.
Peggie was once a high school mathematics teacher, but she set aside her chalkboard and textbooks to follow her lifelong passion for flowers. After years of dedication and learning, she not only established a thriving flower shop but also founded this blog, “Flowers Library”. If you have any questions or wish to learn more about flowers, feel free to contact Peggie.
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